One Minute Read: Data traceability in cleanroom monitoring
Documentation of data plays a crucial role in cleanroom
monitoring. Other than serving as evidence in audit trail, the recorded data
becomes critical when an abnormality is detected in a cleanroom as these
recorded data would be needed by cleanroom operators to troubleshoot and
diagnose the problem.
To find out what is happening when an abnormality is spotted, recorded data is traced to identify regular patterns and any suspicious particle event. It is also through this practice that a cleanroom monitoring plan could be reviewed and improved, leading to a much more efficient and cost-effective procedure.
To facilitate these processes, Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) has designed and launched a new series of aerosol particle counter, the Lasair® Pro series, which can store up to 10,000 data samples. Moreover, the process of data investigation can be expedited as the Lasair® Pro series allows data filtering by location, date, and time, making search and export of specific recorded data quick and easy.
COD is a measure of the oxygen equivalent of the organic matter in a water sample that is susceptible to oxidation by a strong chemical oxidant. COD is widely used as a measure of the susceptibility to oxidation of the organic and inorganic materials present in water bodies and in the municipal and industrial wastes. The COD test of natural water yields the total quantity of oxygen that is required for oxidation of a waste to carbon dioxide and water. In a BOD test, only biologically reactive carbon is oxidized while in a COD test, all organic matter is converted to carbon dioxide. The test for COD does not identify the oxidizable material or differentiate between the organic material and inorganic material present. Similarly, it does not indicate the total organic carbon present. Consequently, the COD values are higher compared to BOD. Nevertheless, COD is a useful variable that can be rapidly measured; the COD test can be performed in 3 hours against 5 days required for a BOD5 test.
What are the applications of COD testing?
COD is often used as a measurement of pollutants in water, wastewater, and aqueous hazardous wastes. One application of the COD test is to measure soluble COD in wastewater, since characterization of total COD in wastewater is critical for accurate modeling of biotransformation in wastewater treatment processes.
Another application is to rapidly infer biodegradability of samples from the COD tests. This is commonly accomplished by establishing a correlation between COD and BOD. This method has been found successful when the proportions and types of materials in a wastewater remain relatively constant.
Why must we perform COD test?
In Malaysia, the Environmental Quality Act 1974 states that the owner/occupier of a premises shall conduct performance monitoring of the components of the effluent treatment system in the manner as specified in the Guidance Document on Performance Monitoring of Industrial Effluent Treatment Systems issued by Department of Environment; and equip himself or itself with facilities, relevant equipment or instruments for the purpose of conducting performance monitoring of effluent. Acceptable conditions for the discharge of industrial effluent or mixed effluent for parameter of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) must conform to standard A and standard B as per the Seventh Schedule and Eighth Schedule of the Environmental Quality Act 1974. The standards are as follows:
Industrial Effluent:
Trade/Industry
Unit
Standard A
Standard B
(a) Pulp and paper industry
(i) Pulp mill
mg/L
80
350
(ii) Paper mill (recycled)
mg/L
80
250
(iii) Pulp and paper mill
mg/L
80
300
(b) Textile industry
mg/L
80
250
(c) Fermentation and distillery industry
mg/L
400
400
(d) Other industries
mg/L
80
200
Mixed Effluent:
Unit
Standard A
Standard B
mg/L
80
200
Sewage discharge must also comply to their respective standards, namely Standard A and Standard B. As per Environmental Quality Act 1974; an owner or occupier of any premises shall operate and maintain a sewage treatment system in accordance with sound engineering practice for the treatment of sewage and ensure that all components of the sewage treatment system are in good working condition. The standards are as follows:
HUMAS offers both On-Line and Off-Line COD measurement equipment, namely the HUMAS HS-1000Plus Portable Water Analyzer and HUMAS CODCR & NH3 Multi Automatic Water Analyzer, respectively. With Enviroterm Sdn. Bhd being the sole distributor of HUMAS water analyzer equipment, we are able to provide superb local support and servicing capability to our customers!
HS-1000 Plus Portable Water Analyzer
Features:
23 items for measurement including COD(cr), COD(Mn), total nitrogen, total phosphorous, ammoniac nitrogen, nitric nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphoric acid etc
Battery and AC power compatible
Function to automatically turn off LCD for power savings
Semi-permanent light source-LED Lamp
HUMAS CODCR & NH3 Multi Automatic Water Analyzer
Features:
Precision control technology
using a syringe pump
Easy maintenance & low
reagent consumption
Reliable precision optical
measurement system
Automatic cooling system
For more HUMAS water analyzer products, click on button below to download our brochure
